mRNA NFATC1 Expression in Genu Osteoarthritis with Effusion

Based on a study conducted by the WHO Global Burden of Disease in 2010 stated, OA ranks 11th, the cause of disability in the world, and ranks 6th in East Asia and the Asia-Pacific countries, ranked 10th in North America, ranked 7th in Eastern Europe , and ranked 13th in Western Europe. Pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) as degenerative joint disease that was once thought caused by a mechanical process. The prevalence, etiology, pathogenesis and progression of OA are still not understood until now, mainly because of the many influencing factors. This type of research is a analytic study. It was conducted in Rheumatology Polyclinic Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang from February to December 2019. Affordable research population is all genu osteoarthritis sufferers with effusion who go to Dr. RSUP Mohammad Hoesin Palembang as 80 samples. Comparison of NFATC1 mRNA levels in genu osteoarthritis patients with effusion shows that there is no difference in gender and history of diabetes, whereas hypertension history and degree of osteoarthritis based on Lawrence Kalgren shows significantly different expression of NFATC1 mRNA. Age with NFATC1 mRNA expression showed no significant correlation, in contrast to BMI, Stroke Test and joint effusion volume showed a weak significant correlation, even though the direction of the correlation was negative on Stroke Test and joint effusion volume.


Introduction
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that was once thought to be a pathogenesis caused by a mechanical process. The prevalence, etiology, pathogenesis and progression of OA are still not understood until now, mainly because of the many influencing factors. Without clear evidence of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that occur in OA, many opinions state that OA is considered a wear and tear process and the consequences of the aging process. Based on a study conducted by the WHO Global Burden of Disease in 2010 stated, OA ranks 11th, the cause of disability in the world, and ranks 6th in East Asia and the Asia-Pacific countries, ranked 10th in North America, ranked 7th in Eastern Europe , and ranked 13th in Western Europe. Nuclear Factor Activated T cell 1 (NFATC1) is a protein coding gene, which is part of the Nuclear Factor Activated T Cell (NFAT) group. NFAT is a group of transcription factors that are important in the body's immune response. Most of the form of NFAT is expressed in the body's immune cells.
NFAT currently has an important role in regulating various systems in the body. NFATC1 is regulated by calcium signaling, which activates calmodulin (CaM) and serine / threonin phosphatease calcineurin (CN), so that NFATC1 is active and can enter the nucleus, which then occupies gene promoters that can activate the transcription of the gene to produce a protein.
specifics that are important for regulating systems in the body. The process of gene transcription will produce Messanger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) IL-1β. Research that analyzes the involvement of the NFATC1 gene in OA genu with effusion has never been done before, so data on gene expression and cytokines have not been published. Therefore, researchers are interested in knowing the expression of NFATC1 mRNA in patients with genu osteoarthritis effusion.

Methods
This type of research is a analytic study. It was conducted at the Rheumatology Polyclinic Dr.

Results
The largest group of women is around two thirds of the entire study sample, compared to the male group. The level of education is almost mostly tertiary education, compared to the secondary education group, namely junior high and high school, and low education which is only 11%. Patients occupations are mostly housewives, followed by state, private, peasant and teacher civil servants. The mean age of the patients was 59.4 ± 13.4 years which showed the age group as a risk factor for degenerative diseases. Volume Effusion (mL), Mean ± SD 14,9 ± 5,3 The volume of joint fluid aspirated in genu osteoarthritis patients was found to be 14.9 ± 5.3 mL.
Characteristics of physical examination on genu effusion (table 3) show that most of them get a score of 2 based on the Stroke Test Score.    Age with NFATC1 mRNA expression showed no significant correlation, in contrast to BMI, Stroke Test and joint effusion volume showed a weak significant correlation, although the direction of the correlation was negative on Stroke Test and joint effusion volume. An increase in patient BMI shows an increase in NFATC1 mRNA expression with weak correlation strength.
Conversely, an increase in stroke test and joint effusion volume will reduce NFATC1 mRNA expression with weak correlation strength.

Discussion
In osteoarthritis, activation of catabolic enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and In this studies may differ many factors that influence the expression of NFATC1 mRNA such as therapy and duration of illness, which were not examined in this study.

Conclusion
Comparison of NFATC1 mRNA levels in genu osteoarthritis patients with effusion shows that there is no difference in gender and history of diabetes, whereas hypertension history and degree of osteoarthritis based on Lawrence Kalgren shows significantly different expression of NFATC1 mRNA. Age with NFATC1 mRNA expression showed no significant correlation, in contrast to BMI, Stroke Test and joint effusion volume showed a weak significant correlation, even though the direction of the correlation was negative on Stroke Test and joint effusion volume.