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EFEKTIVITAS DEKSAMETASON PRAOPERATIF SEBAGAI TERAPI PENCEGAHAN NYERI TENGGOROKAN PASCAINTUBASI ENDOTRAKEAL
Abstract
Nyeri tenggorokan pascaintubasi endotrakeal (postoperative sore throat/POST) merupakan komplikasi pasca operasi yang umum terjadi pada 18% hingga 65% pasien yang menjalani anestesi umum dengan intubasi endotrakeal, biasanya terjadi pada 12-24 jam setelah operasi. Studi sebelumnya menunjukkan konflik terkait efektivitas pemberian deksametason praoperatif sebagai terapi pencegahan POST. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk menemukan apakah pemberian deksametason praoperatif efektif dalam mencegah kejadian nyeri tenggorokan pascaintubasi endoktrakeal. Penelusuran dilakukan melalui database online seperti Pubmed®, Scopus®, Science Direct®, dan Cochrane®. Telaah kritis terhadap artikel ilmiah yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dilakukan berdasarkan jenis penelitian. Systematic review dinilai dengan menggunakan Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Toronto Systematic Review (of Therapy) Critical Appraisal Worksheet. Telaah RCT menggunakan Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Toronto Therapy Critical Appraisal Worksheet. Delapan studi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi ditelaah pada studi ini. Enam systematic review menunjukkan deksametason dapat mencegah kejadian nyeri tenggorokan pascaintubasi 24 jam setelah operasi sebesar 35%-61% dari total pasien (OR/RR 0,39-0,65). Dua RCT menunjukkan deksametason mencegah kejadian nyeri tenggorokan pasca intubasi 24 jam setelah operasi secara signifikan (P 0,02-0,039). Deksametason preoperatif dapat mencegah nyeri tenggorokan pascaintubasi endotrakeal pada pasien setelah menjalani anestesi umum dan memiliki implikasi ekonomi yang baik, kenyamanan pasien serta penyembuhan yang lebih cepat.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.32539/JKK.V10I1.19829
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