MANIFESTASI KLINIS DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD)

Enny Nugraheni, Debie Rizqoh, Mulya Sundari

Abstract


Abstrak

 

Demam Berdarah Dengue ada penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan virus dengue. Manusia akan terinfeksi setelah diinfeksi oleh nyamuk Aedes Aegypti yang membawa virus DENV. Virus dengue terdiri dari 4 serotipe yaitu DENV-1, 2, 3 dan 4. Virus dengue dapat menyebabkan dua tipe infeksi yaitu infeksi primer dan infeksi sekunder. Infeksi primer dapat muncul sebagai demam akut atau disebut demam dengue yang akan dinetralisir dalam tujuh hari oleh respon imun. Sedangkan infeksi sekunder cenderung akan lebih berat dan akan mengakibatkan demam berdarah dengue (DBD) atau sindrom renjatan dengue (SRD).Manifestasi klinis DBD dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan kondisi klinis pasien dan hasil pemeriksaan penunjang. Kasus simptomatik dapat dibedakan menjadi beberapa klasifikasi diantaranya adalah undifferentiated febrile illness (UF), Demam Dengue (DD), Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD), sindrom renjatan dengue (SRD) dan unusual dengue (UD). Manifestasi klinis dapat berdampak pada organ dan sistem yang ada di seluruh tubuh. Manifestasi klinis dengue bervariasi dari yang ringan sampai dengan berat. Manifestasi utama berupa adanya plasma leakage yang digambarkan pada fase awal adanya pendarahan ringan sampai berat. Tanda plasma leakage juga dapat ditemukan pada multiple organ Klasifikasi DBD dapat dilakukan berdasarkan WHO 1997 dan WHO 2009. Manifestasi klinis ini penting diketahui dan dipahami untuk menegakkan diagnosis yang cepat sehingga dapat melakukan penatalaksanaan DBD dengan baik sehingga mengurangi angka morbiditas dan mortalitas.

 

Kata kunci: Syok, Infeksi, Gejala

 

Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus. Humans will become infected after being infected by the Aedes Aegypti mosquito that carries the DENV virus. Dengue virus consists of 4 serotypes namely DENV-1, 2, 3 and 4. Dengue virus can cause two types of infection, namely primary infection and secondary infection. Primary infection may appear as acute fever or called dengue fever which will be neutralized within seven days by the immune response. While secondary infections tend to be more severe and will result in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (SRD). The clinical manifestations of DHF can be classified based on the patient's clinical condition and the results of investigations. Symptomatic cases can be divided into several classifications including undifferentiated febrile illness (UF), Dengue Fever (DD), Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), Dengue shock syndrome (SRD) and unusual dengue (UD). Clinical manifestations can impact organs and systems throughout the body. Dengue clinical manifestations vary from mild to severe. The main manifestation is the presence of plasma leakage which is described in the initial phase of light to heavy bleeding. Plasma leakage signs can also be found in multiple organs. Classification of DHF can be done based on WHO 1997 and WHO 2009. . It is important to know and understand these clinical manifestations in order to make a quick diagnosis so that DHF can be managed properly, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality.

Keywords: Shock, infection, symptom


Keywords


syok, infeksi, gejala

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.32539/JKK.V10I3.21425

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ISSN (Print) : 2406-7431
E-ISSN (Online) : 2614-0411
 
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