Analisis Hidrolika Bangunan Krib Permeabel Pada Saluran Tanah (Uji Model Laboratorium)

Ayu Marlina Humairah

Sari


Salah satu bangunan pengamanan belokan saluran atau sungai pada umumnya yaitu bangunan krib. Bangunan krib Permebael berfungsi sebagai pengarah arus air, mengurangi kecepatan dan mengurangi gerusan di dinding saluran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perubahan dasar saluran, elevasi dasar saluran (morpologi) dan gerusan di hulu krib akibat pemasangan krib permeabel pada belokan saluran tanah. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mekanika Fluida dan Hidrolika Universitas Sriwijaya, penelitian ini merupakan uji model hidrolika, saluran berbentuk trapesium dengan sudut tikungan 90Ëš, terdapat 5 buah krib permeabel pada tikungan dan air tidak bersedimen (clear water). Pengamatan dilakukan dengan debit 63,32 Lt/menit, 3 variasi sudut pemasangan krib permeabel 45Ëš, 90Ëš dan 135Ëš ke arah hulu aliran selama 1 jam, 2,5 jam dan 4 jam setiap variasi sudutnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, kecepatan pada awal tikungan sampai akhir tikungan semakin berkurang dan perubahan yang terjadi hanya pada dasar saluran. Perubahan dasar saluran (Bt/Bo) maksimum untuk sudut pemasangan krib permeabel 45Ëš, 90Ëš dan 135Ëšsebesar 1,376 cm, 1,346 cm dan 1,452 cm. Kedalaman gerusan (ds/y) maksimum untuk sudut pemasangan krib permeabel 45Ëš, 90Ëš dan 135Ëšsebesar 1,05 cm, 0,95 cm dan 1,17 cm. Sehingga sudut pemasangan krib permeabel krib 90Ëš lebih baik karena perubahan dasar salurannya (Bt/Bo) lebih kecil yaitu 1,346 cm (1,346 kali dari saluran awal) dan koefisien determinasi (R2) hampir mendekati 1 yaitu 0,9384 serta kedalaman gerusannya (ds/y) juga lebih kecil yaitu 0,95 cm dan koefisien determinasi (R2) hampir mendekati 1 yaitu 0,8317 dibandingkan dengan sudut pemasangan krib permeabel 45Ëš dan 135Ëš.

Kata Kunci : Krib Permeabel, Kecepatan, Lebar Dasar Saluran, Kedalaman Gerusan

 

Abstract

One of the structures to protect river bank erosion is groyne. Groyne can serve and control water flow, reducing flow velocity and scour of river bank. The purposes of this study is to analyze the changes in the river bed elevation (morphology) and the depth of scour in the upstream groyne caused by the permeable groyne installed at the river meanders. The experiment was conducted at Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Laboratory, Sriwijaya University. The study tested the hydraulics models, a trapezoidal channel, meanders angle of 90˚, five permeable groynes at meanders, and  the water flowing in the channels was clear water. The observations were carried out with a flow rate was 63,32 Lt / min, three variations of  permeable groynes angle were 45˚, 90˚ and 135˚ to the upstream within 1 hour, 2,5 hours and 4 hours for each angle variations . The results of this study showed that the flow velocity of meanders was decreasing to the end of the meanders, and the changes of channel only occurred at the riverbed. Maximum riverbed changes (Bt / Bo) for permeable groyne angle of 45˚, 90˚ and 135 ˚ were 1,376 cm, 1,346 cm dan 1,452 cm. The maximum depth of scour (ds/y) for permeable groyne angle of 45˚, 90˚ and 135˚ were 1,05 cm, 0,95 cm dan 1,17 cm. Thus, permeable groyne with angle of  90 proved to be the best with the smallest riverbed changes (Bt /Bo) was 1,346 cm and the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0,9384, and also the smallest scour depth (ds/y) was 0,95 cm and the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0,8317 compared to other groyne permeable angles.

 

Keywords: Permeable Groyne, Flow Rate, Riverbed Changes, Depth Scours


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