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HUBUNGAN TINGKAT EKSPRESI P15 TERHADAP NEVUS MELANOSITIK DAN MELANOMA MALIGNA
Abstract
Lesi melanositik memiliki gambaran morfologi dan sitomorfologi yang luas mencakup lesi jinak yaitu nevus melanositik dan lesi ganas yaitu melanoma maligna. Beberapa gambaran nevus melanositik menyerupai melanoma. p15 merupakan gen penekan tumor dan biomarker yang kuat sehingga dapat digunakan untuk membedakan antara nevus dan melanoma. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan tingkat ekspresi p15 pada nevus dan melanoma. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan desain serial kasus sejak 1 Januari 2015 sampai 30 Desember 2019. Sebanyak 60 sampel dilakukan pemeriksaan imunohistokimia menggunakan antibodi p15. Ekspresi p15 dinilai berdasarkan proporsi sel tumor yang terpulas dan intensitas pulasan. Analisis statistik menggunakan SPSS versi 23.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nevus melanositik paling bnayk dijumpai pada perempuan (76,7%), pada kelompok usia <55 tahun (90%), lokasi tumor pada kepala dan leher (83,3) dan pada tipe histopatologi dermal naevus (53,3%). Melanoma maligna paling banyak ditemukan pada jenis kelamin laki-laki (53,6%), pada kelompok usia <55 tahun (57,1%), lokasi tumor pada kepala dan leher (35,7%) dan pada tipe histopatologi nodular melanoma (42,9%). Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tingkat ekspresi p15 dengan lesi melanositik (nevus melanositik dan melanoma maligna) (r=0,9666; p=0,000). Ekspresi p15 tinggi dijumpai pada nevus melanositik dan rendah pada melanoma maligna. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tingkat ekspresi p15 dengan lesi melanositik (nevus melanositik dan melanoma maligna). Semakin rendah ekspresi p15 maka semakin besar kemungkinan terjadi melanoma maligna.
Background. Melanocytic lesions have a broad morphological and cytomorphological picture including benign conditions or melanocytic naevus and malignant melanoma. Some features of a melanocytic nevus mimicking melanoma. p15 is a tumor suppressor gene and is a robust biomarker that can be used to differentiate between nevus and melanoma. This study aims to determine the correlation between p15 expression in melanocytic naevus and malignant melanoma. Methods. This research is an observational descriptive study with a case series design, conducted from January 1st, 2015 to December 30th 2019. A total of 60 samples were subjected to immunohistochemical examinations using antibody p15. The expression p15 is based on tumor cell proportion and intensity. Statistical analysis using SPSS version 23. Result. Melanocytic nevus was predominantly female (76.7%), age group <55 years (90%), location of tumors on the head and neck (83.3), histopathological type of dermal naevus (53.3%). Malignant melanoma was mostly found in men (15, 53.6%), age group <55 years (57.1%), the location of tumors on the head and neck (35.7%), type histopathology of nodular melanoma (42.9%). The correlation between p15 level expression and melanocytic lesions (melanocytic nevus and malignant melanoma) (r = 0.9666; p = 0.000). Conclusion. High expression of p15 was found in melanocytic nevus and low in malignant melanoma. There was correlation between p15 level expression and melanocytic lesions (melanocytic nevus and malignant melanoma). The lower the p15 expression, the more likely malignant melanoma will occur.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.32539/JKK.V8I3.12582
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