FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TIMBULNYA STENOSIS PEMBULUH DARAH INTRAKRANIAL YANG DIDETEKSI DENGAN TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER PADA PASIEN STROKE ISKEMIK YANG DIRAWAT DI RSUP DR. MOHAMMAD HOESIN PALEMBANG

Rini Nindela, Ahmad Junaidi, Irfannuddin Irfannuddin

Abstract


Studi yang ada saat ini mengenai faktor risiko stenosis intrakranial memberikan hasil yang berbeda-beda, tergantung dari ras dan lokasi geografis subjek yang diteliti serta metode diagnostik yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor risiko usia, jenis kelamin, hipertensi, diabetes melitus, coronary artery disease, dislipidemia, dan merokok dengan stenosis intrakranial pada penderita stroke iskemik di RSUP Dr. Moh. Hoesin/RSMH Palembang. Seluruh penderita stroke iskemik yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dicatat faktor risikonya menggunakan kuesioner, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan transcranial doppler/TCD dan dicatat mean flow velocity/MFV di pembuluh darah yang diteliti. Cut-off point untuk mendiagnosis stenosis intracranial adalah ?100 cm/s untuk middle cerebral artery/MCA, ?90 cm/s untuk internal carotid artery/ICA, dan ?80 cm/s untuk anterior cerebral artery ACA, posterior cerebral artery/PCA, vertebral artery/VA, dan basilar artery/BA. Pembuluh darah intrakranial yang paling banyak mengalami stenosis adalah carotid syphon (16%). Sebanyak 16 dari 28 subjek mengalami stenosis hanya pada satu pembuluh darah. Lokasi stenosis intrakranial lebih banyak yang tidak sesuai klinis (57%). Sebaran penderita stroke iskemik yang berusia >45 tahun sebanyak 28%, yang berjenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 28,6%, menderita hipertensi sebanyak 26,2%, menyandang DM sebanyak 38,5%, mengalami dislipidemia 28%, merokok 24,1%, dan menderita CAD 31,8%. Kombinasi faktor risiko DM, hipertensi, CAD, dislipidemia dan usia >45 tahun mempengaruhi stenosis intrakranial pada penderita stroke iskemik (OR 5; 95%CI 1,11-22,57; p = 0,037). Stenosis intrakranial dipengaruhi oleh kombinasi dari lima faktor risiko yaitu DM, hipertensi, CAD, dislipidemia dan usia >45 tahun.

Keywords


faktor risiko, stenosis intrakranial, TCD

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