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ANEMIA PADA GAGAL JANTUNG
Abstract
Sepertiga dari semua pasien dengan gagal jantung mengalami anemia, dan kehadirannya dikaitkan dengan keparahan gejala, peningkatan angka rawat inap, dan peningkatan angka kematian. Etiologi anemia bersifat multifaktorial, kompleks, dan bervariasi antar pasien. Penyebab utama terjadinya anemia pada gagal jantung adalah faktor inflamasi. Kadar hemoglobin berkorelasi negatif dengan penanda inflamasi seperti tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, dan protein C-reaktif, yang semuanya meningkat pada gagal jantung. Pengobatan anemia pada pasien gagal jantung dengan agen pemicu eritropoiesis telah dievaluasi secara intensif selama beberapa tahun terakhir. Sayangnya, agen ini tidak meningkatkan hasil dan dikaitkan dengan risiko efek samping tromboemboli yang lebih tinggi. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan ESA (Eritropoiesis-Stimulating Agents) untuk pengobatan anemia pada gagal jantung tidak dapat direkomendasikan. Terapi lain sedang dipelajari dan termasuk agen yang menargetkan reseptor eritropoietin, jalur hepsidin, atau penambah zat besi. Artikel ini berfokus pada patofisiologi anemia pada gagal jantung, evaluasi efektivitas modalitas terapi yang tersedia, dan terapi yang sedang diteliti yang dapat direkomendasikan sebagai pengobatan anemia pada gagal jantung
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.32539/JKK.V10I1.19718
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