The Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics (JNSM) publishes original research articles in all areas of natural sciences and mathematics. JNSM is published online by the Study Program of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Doctoral Program, Postgraduate Program, Sriwijaya University, Â South Sumatra, Indonesia. The purpose of the journal is to enable the timely communication of information on scientific research focused mostly on energy, food, environment, biodiversity and natural resource matters and contribute to the development of Indonesian science. JNSM is peer-reviewed and published twice a year.