Komposisi dan Sebaran Fitoplankton di Perairan Muara Sungai Way Belau, Bandar Lampung

Fitri Meiriyani, Tengku Zia Ulqodry, Wike Ayu Eka Putri

Abstract


Phytoplankton are microscopic plants that live floating in the waters and the movement is highly dependent on the flow and have chlorophyll to make photosynthesis.The research about composition and distribution of phytoplankton in the Way Belau Estuary of Bandar Lampung had been held in June to August 2010. The purpose of this research was to get information about the composition, abundance community structure and distribution patterns of phytoplankton in the Way Belau Estuary and also analyzed conditions of water quality and their effects on phytoplankton abundance. Phytoplankton sampling was using plankton nets with 20 μm meshsize. Identification of phytoplankton used microscope and the abundance calculation by using Sedgwick Rafter Counting Cell. The results showed that the composition of phytoplankton consisted of 6 classes of phytoplankton, these are Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Desmidiaceae and Dinoflagellate. The abundance of phytoplankton was between 47 ind/l to 955 ind/l. The Shannon’s index  diversity (H') ranged from 0.41 to 2.15, The Eveness index (E) ranged from 0.41 to 0.93 and the dominance index (C) ranged from 0.27 to 0.84. Discriminant analysis between phytoplankton abundance relationship with water parameters showed that the nitrate and DO  had more significance influence on the abundance of phytoplankton (P <0.05) compared with the parameters of temperature, visibility, salinity, pH and phosphate (P> 0.05).

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Keywords: Phytoplankton, Estuary, Way Belau

 

ABSTRAK

Fitoplankton adalah tumbuhan renik yang hidup melayang di perairan dan pergerakannya sangat tergantung pada arus serta memiliki klorofil untuk melakukan fotosintesis. Penelitian tentang komposisi dan sebaran fitoplankton di Perairan Muara Sungai Way Belau Bandar Lampung telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni sampai dengan bulan Agustus 2010. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang komposisi, kelimpahan jenis, struktur komunitas dan pola sebaran fitoplankton di muara sungai Way Belau serta menelaah kondisi kualitas air dan pengaruhnya terhadap kelimpahan fitoplankton. Sampel fitoplankton diambil menggunakan jaring plankton dengan ukuran mata jaring 20 µm dan di identifikasi dengan bantuan mikroskop serta perhitungan kelimpahan menggunakan Sedgwick Rafter Counting Cell. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi fitoplankton tersusun atas 6 kelas yaitu Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Desmidiaceae dan Dinoflagellata. Kelimpahan fitoplankton  berkisar antara 47 ind/l sampai 955 ind/l. Indeks Keanekaragaman Shannon  (H’) berkisar antara 0,41 – 2,15, Indeks keseragamaan Evennes (E) berkisar antara 0,41 – 0,93 dan Indeks dominasi Simpson (C) berkisar antara 0,27 – 0,84. Analisis diskriminan untuk melihat hubungan antara kelimpahan fitoplankton dengan parameter perairan menunjukkan bahwa nitrat dan DO merupakan parameter perairan yang memiliki pengaruh lebih nyata terhadap kelimpahan fitoplankton (P < 0,05) dibandingkan parameter suhu, kecerahan, salinitas, pH dan fosfat (P > 0,05).

 

Kata Kunci : Fitoplankton, Kualitas air, Muara Sungai Way Belau


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.56064/maspari.v3i2.1321

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