Gender Inequality in Education and Regional Economic Growth in Indonesia

Arifatul Karimah, Hera Susanti

Abstract


Gender equality, particularly in the areas of education, health, and employment, also serves as a stimulant for faster growth. In Indonesia, attempts to integrate gender equality into development are yielding positive outcomes, with national gender equality indicators improving. However, Indonesia's global standing remains poor, as judged by the Woman, Business, and Law (WBL) Index for 2021, which ranks it 149th out of 190 countries. To promote growth, initiatives to increase the number and quality of human resources, including providing persons with the chance to obtain the broadest possible education, are continuing. This study explores the attainment of gender equality in education, as well as how it relates to economic growth as a metric of progress, using district/city fixed effect panel data for the period 2011-2020.The study's findings show that during the observation period, there was still a gender gap in educational achievement, particularly outside of the Java-Bali region. Increasing gender equality through the ratio of women's years of schooling, as well as the ratio of women to the workforce with a junior high school education that is in line with the needs of the workforce, especially in the industrial sector, contributes positively and significantly to regional economic growth.


Keywords


gender equality, education, economic growth, workforce

Full Text:

PDF

References


Afkar, R., Yarrow, N., Surbakti, S., & Cooper, R. (2020). Inclusion in Indonesia’s Education Sector: A Subnational Review of Gender Gaps and Children with Disabilities. Inclusion in Indonesia’s Education Sector: A Subnational Review of Gender Gaps and Children with Disabilities, June. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9282

Ahang, M. (2014). The Impact of Gender Inequality on Economic Growth in Developed Countries. The Accounting, Economics and Financial Management Conference, October.

Aktaria, E., & Handoko, B. S. (2012). Ketimpangan Gender Dalam Pertumbuhan Ekonomi. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan, 13(2), 194. https://doi.org/10.23917/jep.v13i2.168

Altuzarra, A., Gálvez-Gálvez, C., & González-Flores, A. (2021). Is Gender Inequality a Barrier to Economic Growth ? A Panel Data Analysis of Developing Countries. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13, 367. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su13010367

Arifin, S. (2018). Kesetaraan Gender dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia. Kajian DPR Vol.23 No.1 (2018), 23(1), 27–41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22212/kajian.v23i1.1872

Bedir Kar, S., & Coskun, A. (2020). The Impact of Gender Inequalities in Education on Income. Eurasian Journal of Social Sciences, 8(4), 148–162. https://doi.org/10.15604/ejss.2020.08.04.001

Bertay, A. C., Dordevic, L., & Sever, C. (2020). Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: Evidence from Industry-Level Data. IMF Working Papers, July 3, 2020, 42.

Blaser, S. J. (2016). Child Marriage in Indonesia. Progress on Pause. Unicef, 1–107.

Hibatulmedina, S., & Rambe, R. (2021). The Efficiency Analysis of Government Expenditure on Education and Health in Sumatra: The DEA Approach. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, 19(2), 223-232. doi:https://doi.org/10.29259/jep.v19i2.15795

Huang, W. H., Lin, Y. J., & Lee, H. F. (2019). Impact of Population and Workforce Aging on Economic Growth: Case Study of Taiwan. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(22), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226301

Karoui, K., & Feki, R. (2018). The Impacts of Gender Inequality in Education on Economic Growth in Tunisia: an Empirical Analysis. Quality and Quantity, 52(3), 1265–1273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0518-3

Klasen, S., & Minasyan, A. (2017). Gender Inequality and Growth in Europe. Intereconomics, 52(1), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10272-017-0637-z

Licumba, E. A., Dzator, J., & Zang, J. X. (2015). Gender Equality in Education and Economic Growth in Selected Southern African Countries. The Journal of Developing Area, 49(6). https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2015.0102

Mulasari, F. D. (2015). Peran Gender Perempuan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Provinsi Jawa Tengah Tahun 2008-2012. Economics Development Analysis Journal, 2(4), 446–455. https://doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v4i3.14832

Musa, K. S., & Bako, B. (2021). Internet Usage and Economic Growth Nexus : Does Energy Consumption Matters ? Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment, 12, 1–11.

Nazmi, L., & Jamal, A. (2018). Pengaruh Ketimpangan Gender Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa (JIM), 3(4), 740–750.

Pangestuty, F. W., & Prasetiya, F. (2012). Linkages Between Public Sector Expenditure on Economic Growth and Rural Poverty of Indonesia. J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res, 2(3), 2347–2353.

Pertiwi, U. E., Heriberta, H., & Hardiani, H. (2021). Pengaruh Ketimpangan Gender Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Provinsi Jambi. Jurnal Ekonomi Aktual, 1(2), 69–76. https://doi.org/10.53867/jea.v1i2.17

Sitorus, A. V. Y. (2016). Dampak Ketimpangan Gender Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia. Sosio Informa, 89–101. https://doi.org/10.33007/inf.v2i1.190

Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2015). Economic Development (Twelfth Edition).

World Bank. (2021). Women, Business and the Law 2021. In Women, Business and the Law 2021. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1652-9

Zeng, J., Pang, X., Zhang, L., Medina, A., & Rozelle, S. (2014). Gender Inequality in Education in China: A Meta-Regression Analysis. Contemporary Economic Policy, 32(2), 474–491. https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12006




DOI: https://doi.org/10.29259/jep.v20i1.17841

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan
Jalan Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km. 32
Jurusan Ekonomi Pembangunan, Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Sriwijaya
Indralaya, Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia
Email: jep.unsri@gmail.com, Tel/Fax : (0711)580231


p-ISSN: 1829-5843, e-ISSN 2685-0788


Creative Commons License

Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan by http://ejournal.unsri.ac.id/index.php/jep 

is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.  

Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan is Indexed by:

Logo Google Scholar Unsri  Moraref One Search